Galaxy formation is the study of how galaxies, which are vast collections of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter, come to exist in the universe. This field of research seeks to understand the processes that lead to the formation and evolution of galaxies, from the earliest times in the universe to the present day. Scientists use observations from telescopes, computer simulations, and theoretical models to study the formation of galaxies and how they grow and change over time. Key questions in galaxy formation research include how galaxies acquire their shape, size, and structure, as well as the role of dark matter, supermassive black holes, and other factors in shaping galaxy evolution.